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Forestline

Rubber · Near Benin City, Edo

Rubber orchard near Benin City, Edo

One rubber orchard of 24.8 hectares near Benin City, Edo. No forest was cut there after 2020, so the result is Clear. Its shipment is a draft pack: no land paper is on file.

  • 1 orchard, 24.8 hectares
  • 1 Clear
  • 1 of 1 orchard in the farm location file of the proof pack that can go forward
  • Shipment S-001: Draft pack. Land papers are missing for 1 plot: EDO-BNN-0001.
  • Farm edge from OpenStreetMap, not a survey. The owner was not contacted.
  • Weights are estimates. No bags were bought.
  • Nobody has approved any shipment for an EU buyer.

The story

How this case was run.

A rubber orchard of 24.8 hectares near Benin City, in Edo.

OpenStreetMap contributors mapped it and tagged the trees as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). The edge comes from an OpenStreetMap map, not a survey. No farmer or owner was contacted.

The orchard is over 4 hectares, so Europe's no-deforestation rule (EUDR) needs the full farm edge, not one point. Forestline ran the Cut-off Check on that edge with real satellite records.

The EU 2020 forest map shows no forest inside it. The forest loss record shows no tree loss inside it after 2020, and 8.0 hectares of tree loss before 2021. The satellite alerts show no new tree loss since 2021. The result is Clear.

Forestline AI read both photos as dense tree cover with no change, with medium confidence. Rubber trees look like forest from above. So the check rests on the EU 2020 forest map and the loss record, not on the photos alone.

No bags were bought from this orchard. The bag weight in the pack is an estimate: the area times 1,000 kg a hectare a year, the published average for rubber. It is not a record of any sale.

Shipment S-001 holds lot L-001 (24,778 kg, estimated). It is a draft pack. The goods, the weights and the farm location file tie together. But land papers are missing for 1 plot: EDO-BNN-0001. No farmer or owner was contacted, so there are no papers. No one has approved any shipment for an EU buyer.

Read this first

Farm edge from OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL 1.0). The owner was not contacted and is not a Forestline customer.

Map data and farm edges: OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL 1.0.

Satellite photos: Copernicus Sentinel-2. Forest records: EU Joint Research Centre and University of Maryland.

The farms

1 farm · 24.8 ha · 1 Clear · 0 Check · 0 Stop

Plot EDO-BNN-0001: the latest selected photoPlot EDO-BNN-0001: the 2020 photo
⇄
2020 photo · 2020-11-03Latest selected photo · 2025-11-04
Clear

EDO-BNN-0001 · 24.8 ha

No forest cut after 2020 was found in the records we checked, and Forestline AI read nothing different in the photos.

Plot codeAreaResultMain reason
EDO-BNN-000124.8 haClearNo forest cut after 2020 was found in the records we checked, and Forestline AI read nothing different in the photos.

Farm by farm

Plot EDO-BNN-0001: the latest selected photoPlot EDO-BNN-0001: the 2020 photo
⇄
2020 photo · 2020-11-03Latest selected photo · 2025-11-04

2020 photo: scene S2B_31NGH_20201103_0_L2A, clouds 0%. Latest selected photo: scene S2A_31NGH_20251104_0_L2A, taken 2025-11-04, clouds 0%.

Photo timeline
  1. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 23 Nov 2020

    2020-21

    23 Nov 2020

  2. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 18 Nov 2021

    2021-22

    18 Nov 2021

  3. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 28 Dec 2022

    2022-23

    28 Dec 2022

  4. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 13 Dec 2023

    2023-24

    13 Dec 2023

  5. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 27 Dec 2024

    2024-25

    27 Dec 2024

  6. Satellite photo of farm EDO-BNN-0001 taken 4 Dec 2025

    2025-26

    4 Dec 2025

EDO-BNN-0001

Clear

24.78 ha · farm edge from OpenStreetMap

  • No forest cut after 2020 was found in the records we checked, and Forestline AI read nothing different in the photos.

Forestline AI's reading

Both photos show dense, continuous dark-green canopy inside the farm edge. Some cloud is visible at the edges but the main plot area is clear in both photos. No clearing, bare ground or new planting is visible. The canopy appears unchanged.

Sources: EU Joint Research Centre Global Forest Cover 2020 (V4); University of Maryland Global Forest Change (loss counts are a rough guide, not an exact area) (GFC-2025-v1.13); Global Forest Watch integrated deforestation alerts (latest release); Copernicus Sentinel-2 satellite photos, through Earth Search (S2B_31NGH_20201103_0_L2A (baseline 02.14); S2A_31NGH_20251104_0_L2A (baseline 05.11)); OpenStreetMap protected areas (partial coverage; not a legal map) (snapshot b0efa2a7, 11 areas); Forestline AI photo reading (reads the two photos; the rules decide the result) (Photo reader version 1)

Proof pack

The files an EU buyer would receive.

Built from this run. Farms that are Stop, unchecked or not reviewed are left out of the farm location file and listed. Bag weights are each farm's estimated season capacity (area times a published average yield), because no bags were bought from these farms.

Shipment S-001: Draft pack

The evidence is not complete. The pack is a draft.

Nobody approved this case's shipment. It is a real run on public map data, so there is no approval to show.

  1. 1. Satellite check: Clear, Check or Stop for each farm.
  2. 2. A person's review: Every Check, and every farm where the maps and Forestline AI disagree.
  3. 3. Traceability: Every bag traces to a cleared farm.
  4. 4. Shipment approval: Until someone approves the handoff, the pack is a draft.

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